Reasoning

Detailed Solution

50. True The relationship between the amount of money a state invests and the benefit it receives through contracts awarded to its domestic space industry is explicitly stated in the passage.

51. True This is not explicitly stated. However, the passage states that ESA directors wish to keep their funding high even in times of global economic downtown. Elsewhere, ESA funding is stated as being directly related to the volume of work that passes back to member states' space industries. Under the funding structure described in the passage, work flowing through to member states can only happen if the ESA’s budget is maintained. The statement is therefore true by way of reasoning.

52. Cannot say The passage confirms that some projects are mandatory and others are not – it does not specify which individual projects are mandatory or otherwise.

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