aptitudetests4me.com
Aptitude Tests 4 Me

Download Free EBooks for Various Types of Aptitude Tests


1. Passage Reading 2. Verbal Logic 3. Non Verbal Logic 4. Numerical Logic 5. Data Interpretation 6. Reasoning 7. Analytical Ability 8. Quantitative Aptitude

Passage Reading and English Comprehension

Radiation occurs from three natural sources: radioactive material in the environment, such as in soil, rock, or building materials; cosmic rays; and substances in the human body, such as radioactive potassium in bone and radioactive carbon in tissues. These natural sources account for an exposure of about 100 millirems a year for the average person.

The largest single source of man-made radiation is medical X rays, yet most scientists agree that hazards from this source are not as great as those from weapons test fallout, since strontium 90 and carbon 14 become incorporated into the body, hence delivering radiation for an entire lifetime. The issue is, however, by no means uncontroversial. The last two decades have witnessed intensified examination and dispute about the effects of low-level radiation, beginning with the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, which reported in 1958 that “even the smallest amounts of radiation are likely to cause deleterious genetic and perhaps also somatic effects.”

A survey conducted in Britain confirmed that an abnormally high percentage of patients suffering from arthritis of the spine who had been treated with X rays contracted cancer. Another study revealed a high incidence of childhood cancer in cases where the mother had been given prenatal pelvic X rays. These studies have pointed to the need to reexamine the assumption that exposure to low-linear energy transfer presents only a minor risk. Recently, examination of the death certificates of former employees of a West Coast plant that produces plutonium for nuclear weapons revealed markedly higher rates for cancers of the pancreas, lung, bone marrow, and lymphatic system than would have been expected in a normal population.While the National Academy of Sciences committee attributes this difference to chemical or other environmental causes rather than radiation, other scientists maintain that any radiation exposure, no matter how small, leads to an increase in cancer risk. It is believed by some that a dose of one rem, if sustained over many generations, would lead to an increase of 1 percent in the number of serious genetic defects at birth, a possible increase of 1,000 disorders per million births.

In the meantime, regulatory efforts have been disorganized, fragmented, inconsistent, and characterized by internecine strife and bureaucratic delays. A Senate report concluded that coordination of regulation among involved departments and agencies was not possible because of jurisdictional disputes and confusion. One federal agency has been unsuccessful in its efforts to obtain sufficient funding and manpower for the enforcement of existing radiation laws, and the chairperson of a panel especially created to develop a coordinated federal program has resigned.

115. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(a) explain the difference between natural and man-made radiation
(b) arouse concern about the risks connected with exposure to radiation
(c) criticize the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation
(d) advocate limiting the use of atomic weapons testing, since the fallout is extremely hazardous

116. Which of the following, according to the passage, is a list of three natural sources of radiation?

(a) Radioactive potassium in bone, strontium 90, uranium ore
(b) Carbon 14 in tissues, cosmic rays, X rays
(c) Cosmic rays, radioactive potassium in bones, radioactive carbon in tissues
(d) Plutonium, radioactive material in rock, strontium 90

117. Which of the following does the author cite in support of the quotation from the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation

I. Strontium 90 and carbon 14 become incorporated into the body and deliver radiation for an entire lifetime.
II. An abnormally high percentage of patients with arthritis of the spine who were treated with X rays subsequently contracted cancer.
III. A high incidence of cancer appeared among children of mothers who had been given prenatal pelvic X rays.

(a) I only
(b) II only
(c) I and II only
(d) II and III only

118. The passage contains information that answers which of the following questions?

(a) How many millirems of radiation from man-made sources is the average person exposed to each year?
(b) Is exposure to radiation linked to any other diseases besides cancer?
(c) How many types of radiation are there?
(d) Why is exposure to the fallout from weapons testing considered by some to be more hazardous than exposure to X rays?

119. According to the passage, some scientists believe that a dose of one rem of radiation continued over a period of generations would

(a) raise the strontium 90 levels in the body but otherwise have little effect
(b) relieve the acute suffering of those afflicted with arthritis of the spine without side effects
(c) have the effect of increasing by 1 percent the cases of serious genetic defects
(d) have little impact on the regulatory efforts of federal agencies

120. It can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage that the chairperson who resigned from the panel to develop a coordinated federal program for radiation regulation most likely did so because

(a) he or she disagreed with the findings of the Senate committee
(b) his or her agency could not obtain funding or manpower for implementation of existing laws
(c) he or she supported the position of the National Academy of Sciences committee and opposed regulation of radiation exposure
(d) regulatory efforts have been balked by disputes, confusion, and bureaucratic delays

121. The passage contains evidence suggesting that it was most likely written

(a) in 1958
(b) for the journal of the National Academy of Sciences
(c) by a lobbyist for the defense industry
(d) in the late 1970s

122. The passage implies that each of the following statements about radiation has been disputed EXCEPT?

(a) Even small doses of radiation are likely to cause birth defects.
(b) Exposure to low-linear energy transfer presents only a minor risk.
(c) Many small doses of radiation are as harmful as a single large dose.
(d) Humans can tolerate a certain amount of radiation.

TOTAL

Detailed Solution




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140
141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160
161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180
181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200
201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220
221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240
241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260
261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280
281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300
301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320
321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340
341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360
361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380
381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400
401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420
421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440
441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460
461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480
481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 433 494 495 496 497 498 499 500

bulletPassage Reading bulletVerbal Logic bulletNon Verbal Logic bulletNumerical Logic bulletData Interpretation bulletReasoning bulletAnalytical Ability bulletBasic Numeracy bulletAbout Us bulletContact bulletPrivacy Policy bulletMajor Tests bulletFAQ