aptitudetests4me.com
Aptitude Tests 4 Me

Download Free EBooks for Various Types of Aptitude Tests


1. Passage Reading 2. Verbal Logic 3. Non Verbal Logic 4. Numerical Logic 5. Data Interpretation 6. Reasoning 7. Analytical Ability 8. Quantitative Aptitude

Passage Reading and English Comprehension

Virtually everything astronomers know about objects outside the solar system is based on the detection of photons—quanta of electromagnetic radiation. Yet there is another form of radiation that permeates the universe: neutrinos. With (as its name implies) no electric charge, and negligible mass, the neutrino interacts with other particles so rarely that a neutrino can cross the entire universe, even traversing substantial aggregations of matter, without being absorbed or even deflected. Neutrinos can thus escape from regions of space where light and other kinds of electromagnetic radiation are blocked by matter. Furthermore, neutrinos carry with them information about the site and circumstances of their production: therefore, the detection of cosmic neutrinos could provide new information about a wide variety of cosmic phenomena and about the history of the universe.

But how can scientists detect a particle that interacts so infrequently with other matter? Twenty-five years passed between Pauli’s hypothesis that the neutrino existed and its actual detection: since then virtually all research with neutrinos has been with neutrinos created artificially in large particle accelerators and studied under neutrino microscopes. But a neutrino telescope, capable of detecting cosmic neutrinos, is difficult to construct. No apparatus can detect neutrinos unless it is extremely massive, because great mass is synonymous with huge numbers of nucleons (neutrons and protons), and the more massive the detector, the greater the probability of one of its nucleon’s reacting with a neutrino. In addition, the apparatus must be sufficiently shielded from the interfering effects of other particles.

Fortunately, a group of astrophysicists has proposed a means of detecting cosmic neutrinos by harnessing the mass of the ocean. Named DUMAND, for Deep Underwater Muon and Neutrino Detector, the project calls for placing an array of light sensors at a depth of five kilometers under the ocean surface. The detecting medium is the seawater itself: when a neutrino interacts with a particle in an atom of seawater, the result is a cascade of electrically charged particles and a flash of light that can be detected by the sensors. The five kilometers of seawater above the sensors will shield them from the interfering effects of other high-energy particles raining down through the atmosphere.

The strongest motivation for the DUMAND project is that it will exploit an important source of information about the universe. The extension of astronomy from visible light to radio waves to x-rays and gamma rays never failed to lead to the discovery of unusual objects such as radio galaxies, quasars, and pulsars. Each of these discoveries came as a surprise. Neutrino astronomy will doubtless bring its own share of surprises.

280. Which of the following titles best summarizes the passage as a whole?

(a) At the Threshold of Neutrino Astronomy
(b) Neutrinos and the History of the Universe
(c) The Creation and Study of Neutrinos
(d) The DUMAND System and How It Works

281. With which of the following statements regarding neutrino astronomy would the author be most likely to agree?

(a) Neutrino astronomy will supersede all present forms of astronomy.
(b) Neutrino astronomy will be abandoned if the DUMAND project fails.
(c) Neutrino astronomy can be expected to lead to major breakthroughs in astronomy.
(d) Neutrino astronomy will disclose phenomena that will be more surprising than past discoveries.

282. In the last paragraph, the author describes the development of astronomy in order to

(a) suggest that the potential findings of neutrino astronomy can be seen as part of a series of astronomical successes
(b) illustrate the role of surprise in scientific discovery
(c) demonstrate the effectiveness of the DUMAND apparatus in detecting neutrinos
(d) name some cosmic phenomena that neutrino astronomy will illuminate

283. According to the passage, one advantage that neutrinos have for studies in astronomy is that they

(a) have been detected for the last twenty-five years
(b) possess a variable electric charge
(c) are usually extremely massive
(d) carry information about their history with them

284. According to the passage, the primary use of the apparatus mentioned would be to

(a) increase the mass of a neutrino
(b) interpret the information neutrinos carry with them
(c) detect the presence of cosmic neutrinos
(d) see neutrinos in distant regions of space

285. The passage states that interactions between neutrinos and other matter are

(a) rare
(b) artificial
(c) undetectable
(d) unpredictable

286. The passage mentions which of the following as a reason that neutrinos are hard to detect?

(a) Their pervasiveness in the universe
(b) Their ability to escape from different regions of space
(c) The infrequency of their interaction with other matter
(d) The similarity of their structure to that of nucleons

287. According to the passage, the interaction of a neutrino with other matter can produce

(a) particles that are neutral and massive
(b) a form of radiation that permeates the universe
(c) inaccurate information about the site and circumstances of the neutrino’s production
(d) charged particles and light

288. According to the passage, one of the methods used to establish the properties of neutrinos was

(a) detection of photons
(b) observation of the interaction of neutrinos with gamma rays
(c) observation of neutrinos that were artificially created
(d) measurement of neutrinos that interacted with particles of seawater

TOTAL

Detailed Solution




1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140
141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160
161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180
181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200
201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220
221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240
241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260
261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280
281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300
301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320
321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340
341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360
361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380
381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400
401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420
421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440
441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460
461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480
481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492 433 494 495 496 497 498 499 500

bulletPassage Reading bulletVerbal Logic bulletNon Verbal Logic bulletNumerical Logic bulletData Interpretation bulletReasoning bulletAnalytical Ability bulletBasic Numeracy bulletAbout Us bulletContact bulletPrivacy Policy bulletMajor Tests bulletFAQ