Passage Reading and English Comprehension

Technology, such as smart-phones and business software, are said to be making a marked difference to life of local people in Ghana. An example of this can be seen in Janga, in the North of Ghana. Janga's economy is predominantly dependent on the collection and export of Shea nuts, traditionally collected by the women of the community.

Thanks to the introduction of smart phones, Shea nut collectors are now able to attach barcodes to each bag of nuts that they collect. Scanning these barcodes on smart-phones means that an individual can keep track of the delivery. The barcodes also identify shich bags belong to whom, so that the collector receives the right price for their product, based on the amount of an the quality of nuts they collected. While this business model is simple, it endows local workers with more control and bargaining power.

1484. Which of the following statements is correct?

	(a) Technology increased workers control over the products they sell
	(b) Technology has enabled individual workers to keep in contact
	(c) The business model is described in the pasage complicated
	(d) The barcodes on each bag identifies which area the nuts came from

Alternative Dispute Resolution, also known as ADR, is a method employed by the courts of England and Wales in an attempt to reduce the amount of cases that go through the court. In this way it is hoped that ADR will save not only time but also the expense of going to court,

ADR is a method by which parties to a dispute are encouraged to resolve their issues by alternative means, such as negotiation. In this way, taking a dispute to court is seen as a last resort when the issued between the parties cannot be resolved by any other means.

A benefit of ADR is that it is less confrontational than going to court. In this way it is an ideal means for the resolution of business disputes, as the working relationship between the parties is better preserved than it many otherwise be. This allows the parties to resolve the dispute and continue in their mutually beneficial business relationship.

1485. Which of the following statements is false?

	(a) ADR is a method of resolving disputes without going to court
	(b) The aim of ADR is to save on the expense of going to court
	(c) ADR is that it is less confrontational and many people feel deprived
	(d) ADR enables parties to resolve disputes whilst maintaining their relationship

This passage outlines common ways in which companies aim to resolve disputes between their workers. There are two main approaches to dispute resolution within a company. The first of these is the 'evaluation' approach. This method encourages a meeting between the disputing parties to identify the issues between them. A neutral third party, often a team leader, listens to their issues and aims to find a reasonable compromise to impose upon the parties. There are often sanctions outlined for any breach of this compromise. The second way in which companies often resolve disputes between workers is through the 'facilitative' approach. This method encourages open communication, identifying common ground and encourages the parties to the dispute themselves to find a solution, rather than a third party. A benefit of this appraoch is that the parties get to discuss their issues openly and provides an opportunity for each party to apologise and move forward.

1486. Which of the statements below completes the following sentence? The 'evaluation' approach to prolem solving....

	(a) Allows the disputing parties to find a solution themselves
	(b) Reauires a neutral third party to find a reasonable compromis
	(c) Is a method by which companies' analyse potential new business partners
	(d) Is a method that companies use to assess an employee's contribution

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