Passage Reading and English Comprehension

Mirrors

Mirrors have been used since ages. It is said that Archimedes used huge mirrors to focus the heat of the sun's rays on the enemy ships to burnthem. The same principle is used in solar cookers where mirrors are used to reflect and focus the sun's rays to cooking continers. Astronomers use huge concave mirrors to focus starlight.The mirrors used in telescopes are polished by giving a thin coat of silver or aluminium to the glass. With the telescopes, astronomers can see the heavenly bodiesbut even without the telescopes one cansee the moon. A full moon shining overhead is a beautifull sight, but it is also a puzzle because if the sun and moon both give the same sunlight, then why is the moonlight more pleasant? The reason is that the moon reflects very little sunlight, in fact, only seven percent it receives. The earth reflects about half of the radiation that it receives from the sun. Imagine how bright the earth would look from themoon.

One can even read a book on the moon in the earth light. However, you do not have to travel all the way to the moon to to realize how strong the earthlight is.Observe the crescent moon soon after the new moon. The bright crescent is illuminated by the sun. The rest of the moon is illuminated by the earthlight. In other words, the light reflected by the earth is falling on the moonwhich is being reflected back to us and is strong enough to show the moon faintlyas the crescent increases in size. Fresh snow is the best reflector of sunlight in natur, the bright light reflected by itcan dazzle and harm the eyes of the mountaineers, and therefore, they use dark glasses.

1874. Archimedes used mirrors to focus the heat of the sun's rays

	(a) to bake some pots
	(b) to create a warm environment
	(c) to burn enemy ships
	(d) to boil water

1875. Mirrors used in telescopes are polished by giving the glass a thin coat of

	(a) gold
	(b) silver and gold
	(c) silver or aluminium
	(d) tin and white paint

1876. The principle of focusing the sun's rays is used in

	(a) solar cookers
	(b) radio
	(c) public address system
	(d) computers

1877. The bright light reflected by snow can

	(a) harm your body
	(b) dazzle and harm your eyes
	(c) harm and dazzle your heart
	(d) dazzle and harm your liver

1878. How much of the radiation received from the sun does the earth reflect?

	(a) about half
	(b) about one-fourth
	(c) about three-fourth
	(d) all

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